My previous two posts have been on a similar theme, but what is more bizarre is that sometime around the 13th of June, 2013 (just a few days ago) a New York filmaker, Jennifer Nelson, launched a lawsuit against Warner/Chappell for $50 million dollars and is demanding that they return every dime of royalty they have collected on the song.

WOW.

Nelson contends that the song is actually not the one that was copyrighted but rather a song that evolved from it.  Her lawyers ague that the song "happy birthday" belongs in the public because the lyrics ar a "public adaptation" of the "Good Morning" song written by the Hill sisters in 1893.

Nelson hopes to have the suit turned into a class action and is seeking reimbursement to all who have paid royalties to the publisher in the past four years.

Very interesting!

Today would have been my Aunt Sheila's 77th birthday, she passed away in 2001.  Too young. 

June is a bittersweet month for me.  My father's birthday, my aunt's birthday, my grandmother's birthday, my parent's wedding anniversary (I have one of those in June, too), father's day, the passing of my cousin Sharon (Sheila's eldest daughter, on June 4/75 at the age of 16), to name a few.

In my last post I made mention of singing Happy Birthday and not being certain about copyright, so I decided today, in honour of Sheila Marion St. Clair-Hughes-Tossell, I would do some research on the topic.

Apparently, the famous song was penned in 1893, by 2 sisters who lived in Louisville Kentucky. Originally titled, "Good-Morning to All".  Patty and Mildred Hill were both school teachers and they intended the song to be a greeting performed by all teachers, each day, for their students.  Apparently the younger sister, Patty, wrote the lyrics and sister Mildred, the tune.  Through the years, the song was variously used as a greeting from teachers to students, and vice versa. 

A third Hill sister, Jessica, approached a publisher in Chicago (Clayton F. Summy Co.) in 1935 and it was subsequently released and copyrighted by that firm.  The publishing company was later sold and the new owner renamed it "Birch Tree Ltd.".  Birch Tree held the copyright on the the song, until they sold it, in 1998, to Warner/Chappell (the world's largest music publisher) for twenty-five million dollars.  Nobody is quite sure who/when/why or how the song became the birthday song, but Warner/Chappell has been collecting about $2 million dollars a year in royalties (which it shares with the Hill Foundation that was formed upon the death of the Hill sisters).

So, I guess I was right... we all think of the song as being "public domain" but, apparently, while you are permitted to sing "Happy Birthday to You" in the privacy of your own home- if you use it in film, television or concerts, there is a licensing fee to pay, or you could face a copyright infringement suit.  Who knew?

Today is also Mark Wahlberg's birthday.  Just sayin'

Mark Wahlberg is an interesting guy. Born in 1971, he was a somewhat troubled youth.  He was one of nine children and his  parents divorced in 1982.  Rumor has it that he was frequently in big trouble and had run-ins with the Boston Police.  They say that by the age of 13 he was addicted to cocaine, among other things.  He has served time, charged with attempted murder and pleading guilt to assault, having had serious brawls more than once.  There are a lot of things that he now says that he regrets.

Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg is the younger brother of Donnie Wahlberg who rose to fame as part of the 80's boy band, New Kids on the Block.  Mark had originally been part of the band, but he quit when he was 13.   In those days, he went by the moniker "Marky Mark".  In 1991, he was the front man for "Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch".  They had a number of hits and the music videos provided lots of eye-candy for the female audience.  Wahlberg's handsome physique gained notariety when he was featured in underwear ads for the prominent Calvin Klein fashion empire. 

Dropping the cutsey Marky from his name, Mark Wahlberg made his acting debut in the 1993 made for television movie "The Substitute".  From there, he has gone on to do numerous movies and has acheived critical acclaim.

I'd like to sing happy birthday to all of the interesting people who share June 5th as their birthday... but I'm not certain about the royalty situation.

For those of us in the Northern hemisphere, June makes for the best opportunity to view what we North Americans refer to as “The Big Dipper”.  Known as “the Plough” in the UK, the constellation is formally called Ursa Major.

"Ursa Major", the big bear, is one of the oldest constellations, referenced in the Bible and in Homer's writings. In Greek mythology, it is associated with Callisto, a beautiful maiden sworn to chastity- she eventually was seduced by Zeus, had a son, and lived in the forest as a bear.

The configuration is composed of seven bright stars. The two brightest are known as Alioth and Duhbe (meaning the back of the bear). Another is known as Mizar, it is actually a double binary star and has a somewhat fainter binary star companion called Alcor.   According to Hindu legend, these stars represent the seven Sages.

The Big Dipper is helpful in identifying the north direction, mariners, campers and even the slaves in the Civil War's Underground Railroad were known to use it.  Some birds are said to use the stars for direction during migration.  The Indigo Bunting is guided, they say, by Polaris (The North Star).

Apparently, Polaris stays fixed in the sky while all other stars move. To find Polaris, look for the Big Dipper, which is easy to find in the northern sky.  Draw an imaginary line through the outer two stars of the Big Dipper’s ladle until it crosses a star- that’s Polaris.

Joseph Montferrand, dit Favre, better known as Jos Montferrand was born into a modest family in Montreal, Quebec on October 25th, 1802. He was the son of voyageur, Joseph Favre, dit Montferrand, and Marie-Louise Couvret.  Joseph's grandfather, François Favre, dit Montferrand, had been a soldier in the troops of the Chevalier de Lévis, settling in Montreal after the Conquest of New France. Jos was the third generation to be known by the name Montferrand, a family noted for their size and incredible strength.  

Jos spent much of his youth in the St. Laurent neighbourhood where it is said that he grew to 6'4" in height by the age of 16.  There, he is reknowned for thumping three thugs who had been exploiting his community.  It's also said that he took on, and beat, an English boxing champion.

At 18, Jos left Quebec and went to Kingston, Ontario to become a "teamster", in 1823, he signed on with the Hudson's Bay Company.  Working  variously as a raftsman, lumber driver and foreman, in 1827, he began traveling the river systems in the Laurentians and the Ottawa Valley.  It was the golden age of the forest industry. 

Life in the lumber camps was harsh.  It was a life of challenges that demanded a great deal of agility, strength and courage. Montferrand was the model of these valued traits.  There are many exploits attributed to Montferrand, it is difficult to know which are real and which have been imagined.  It is said that he was able to lift a plough at arm's length with just one hand.   There is a report of him having left his footprint on the ceiling of a tavern, in Bytown.  In fact, he is said to have left his footprint on so many ceilings, it became his hallmark.

One of the most ferocious stories took place in 1829, when they say a group of 150 Irish ruffians ambushed Montferrand on the bridge near the Chaudière Falls.  Legend has it that Montferrand scooped up the handiest offender and holding him by the feet, used him like a club to knock the rest down and then tossed every last one of them into the river.  In another story, he took down the notorious MacDonald brothers, when seven of them challenged him at the same bridge.  There were many other colourful accounts of Jos' phsycial prowess.

Over time, these and other stories grew to mythic proportions.  Jos Montferrand, shanty foreman, walking boss, althete and timber raft boss for decades, became one of Canada's most famous athletes and lumberjacks.  Non-French speaking people had trouble with his name and pronounced it phonetically.   Some said Muffero or Muffera and still others,  Mufferaw. The latter the one used by Canadian Folk-legend Stompin' Tom Connors in his ode to the legendary timber man:

Mufferaw Joe

Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe
Mufferaw Joe

Big Joe Mufferaw paddled in to Mattawa
All the way from Ottawa just one day, Hey, Hey
On the river Ottawa the best man we ever saw
Was Big Joe Mufferaw the old folks say
Come an' listen I'll tell ya what the old folks say

And they say Big Joe had an old pet frog
Bigger than a horse an' he barked like a dog And the only thing quicker than a train upon a track
Was Big Jow ridin' on the bullfrog's back

Heave hi, heave hi ho The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

An' they say Big Joe used to get real wet
From cuttin' down timber and workin' up a sweat
An' everyone will tell ya around Carleton Place
The Mississippi dripped off Big Joe's face

Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

Now Joe had to portage from the Gatineau down
To see a little girl he had in Kemptville town
He was back and forth some many times to see that gal
The path he wore became the Rideau Canal

Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

Big Joe Mufferaw paddled in to Mattawa
All the way from Ottawa just one day, Hey, Hey
On the river Ottawa the best man we ever saw
Was Big Joe Mufferaw the old folks say
Come an' listen I'll tell ya what the old folks say

An' they say Big Joe put out a forest fire
Halfway between Renfrew and ol' Arnprior
He was fifty miles away down around Smith Falls
But he drowned out the fire with five spit balls

Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

Well he jumped in the Calabogie lake real fast
He swam both ways to catch a cross eyed bass
But he threw in on the ground and said "I can't eat that"
So he covered it over with mount Saint Pat

Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

An' they say Big Joe drank a bucket of Gin
And he beat the livin' tar outta twenty-nine men
And high on the ceiling of the Pembroke pub
There's twenty-nine boot marks and they're signed with love

Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

Big Joe Mufferaw paddled in to Mattawa
All the way from Ottawa just one day, Hey, Hey
On the river Ottawa the best man we ever saw
Was Big Joe Mufferaw the old folks say
Come an' listen I'll tell ya what the old folks say

They say Heave hi, heave hi ho
The best man in Ottawa was Mufferaw Joe, Mufferaw Joe

A métis (from Old French mestis, from Late Latin mixtîcius) is a person born to parents who belong to different groups defined by visible physical differences, regarded as racial, or the descendant of such persons. The specific meaning of métis in Canada varies depending on context, so really there is there is no clear consensus on the definition.

The Canadian Encyclopedia online version (Historica Foundation) states that there is no consensus on the definition of métis in Canada and uses the following definition in their article on the subject:

It is important to define specific meanings for the term as used in this discussion, while cautioning that writers past and present have not achieved consensus on the matter. Written with a small m, métis is an old French word meaning "mixed," and it is used here in a general sense for people of dual Indian-White ancestry. Capitalized, Métis is often used but not universally accepted as a generic term for all persons of this biracial descent. It may variously refer to a distinctive socio cultural heritage, a means of ethnic self-identification, and sometimes a political and legal category, more or less narrowly defined.

I've always believed that, more or less, is the definition and having French heritage (on my father's side), I have always felt that we were likely metis. Indeed, as I have been doing family research for decades, I have verified that some indigenous peoples in our background. I have also found conncections to some very early traders, couriers des bois and/or voyageurs in early New France, Canada. In some cases, where these people lived among the native peoples and shared in their lifestyle and festivals, etc. they were considered metis.

Some groups believe that the only true metis are those than can link their heritage to what they describe as the Historic Métis Nation Homeland. The Métis homeland includes regions scattered across Canada, as well as parts of the northern United States (specifically Montana, North Dakota and northwest Minnesota). Some groups insist that there must be a direct connection to the Red River Settlement in Manitoba.

While I can trace some of my folks back to those areas, I'm not entirely sure that is the real definition of metis.

The legal definition itself is not yet fully developed. Section 35 of Canada's Constitution Act of 1982 makes mention of the Métis stating:

• 35(1) The existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal People of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed.

  • (2) In this Act, "Aboriginal Peoples of Canada" includes the Indian, Inuit, and Métis Peoples of Canada.

The problem is that Section-35(2) does not provide a definition of who is Métis. After the Powley case (2003), the Supreme Court of Canada outlined three broad factors to identify Métis rights-holders:

• self-identification as a Métis individual;
• ancestral connection to an historic Métis community; and
• acceptance by a Métis community.

All three factors must be present for an individual to qualify under the legal definition of Métis, but there is still a great deal of ambiguity.

One of the the largest communities, The Métis Nation of Canada, was founded on January 21, 2009. This group does not claim to represent all Metis as there are many Metis registry groups that focus on recognition and seek the protection of their culture and heritage. These groups reflect their communities' particular kinship ties and culture, many align with the fur trade.

In January of 2013, a Canadian Court Ruling was released in the form of a 175 page document. Docket T-2172-99, Citation 2013FC6, frequently referred to as the Phelan Decision. A fascinating and well researched decision, that covers the complete history of Canadian references to the term metis (the complete report can be found online http://cas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca/rss/T-2172-99%20reasons%20jan-8-2013%20ENG.pdf).

I have reviewed the Phelan Decision in detail and I have spoken to many people that are far more expert on the subject, but I feel it is important to note that the decision includes the following:

Page: 26

V. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM

[84] The circumstances which the Plaintiffs claim to have given rise to this litigation is well

described in a memorandum to Cabinet from the Secretary of State dated July 6, 1972:

The Métis and non-status Indian people, lacking even the protection of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, are far more exposed to discrimination and other social disabilities. It is true to say that in the absence of Federal initiative in this field they are the most disadvantaged of all Canadian citizens.

Page: 39

[127] In Powley,* above, the Supreme Court did not attempt to define the outer limits of “Métis”

but it did provide a method for finding who a Métis is for purposes of s 35. Aside from the sine qua non of mixed aboriginal and non-aboriginal ancestry, a Métis is a person who (a) has some ancestral family connection (not necessarily genetic);

(b) identifies himself or herself as Métis; and

(c) is accepted by the Métis community or a locally organized community branch, chapter or council of a Métis association or organization with which that person wishes to be associated.

• R v Powley-A 2003 decision

Page: 173

XII. CONCLUSION

[619] For all these reasons, the Plaintiffs’ request for a declaration that Métis and non-status

Indians are “Indians” within the meaning of the Constitution Act, 1867, s 91(24) will be granted.

Of course, being a well-informed citizen of Canada, I understand that the Phelan decision is not the definitive decision.  The findings have yet to be tested and upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada. 

Adolphustown: A station on the Grand Trunk Railway and shore of Bay of Quinte in the Townhip of Adolphustown, County of Lennox. The principal trade is in grain stock and cordwood Land averages from $30 to $10 per acre Distant from County Town 16 miles and from Kingston 30 miles.  Daily mail Population 100.

 Hart James wagon maker

Allen Parker  JP

Allison Joseph B

Baker James butcher

Bartlett Francis architect and builder

Bogert M C councillor

Curlett CJ clerk

Curlett EH

 Daverne R councillor

 Davis PD councillor

 Dorland Paul J auctioneer

 Dorland Philip

Evans Dr

 Gil Thomas F. PLS

Haight D treasurer

 Harding Bev R Church of England

Hawley Samuel

 Johnston Samuel shoemaker

 Loynes James carpenter

Ogden JD teacher

 Outwater John JP

Penner Chas JP

Platt B and P farmers

Poole AW proprietor Adolphnstown Hotel

Rattaun E councillor

Sweetman Capt WH

Trampour Paul

 Trampour SW

 WATSON JJ Postmaster and general merchant

Albury: A Post Village on the Grand Trunk Railway and shore of Bay of Quinte in the Ameliasburgh County of Prince Edward with a large trade in grain lumber and cordwood averages from $40 to $50 per acre. Distant from County Town 24 miles; from Toronto 106. Population I5O

Alley John cooper

Alley Thomas butcher

 Carrington William sash and door manufacturer

Cunningham Henry senior commission merchant

Dempsey Isaac

Dempsey Peter junr. JP

Dempsey P C cabinetmaker

Dempsey WR butcher

Dempsey WT

Femes WA architect

Germain Sarah J teacher

Graydon William cabinetmaker

Hunt Henry B councillor

Kemp N. councillor

Maxen, Levi painter

Onderdonk John wagon maker

 Peck James snr. shoemaker

PECK JAMES H Postmaster attorney agent nurseryman etc

Peck MA dressmaker

Peck William coroner

Pierson A

Pierson David broker

 Roblin George

Roblin Philip councillor

Sager Albert constable

Sager George W saddler

Sprague Sylvanus

 Thomson Rev James Wesleyan

 Vancleaf Jesse carpenter

Ameliasburg:  A Village at the outlet of Roblin Lake in the township of Ameliasburgh ,County Prince Edward . The principal trade is in grain flour and lumber.  Average price of land $30. Distant from County Town 16 miles; from Toronto 110 miles. Daily mail Population 170.

 Brooks Jacob shoemaker

Coleman David carpenter

Cousand George T lime manufacturer

Delong Henry tailor

Drewry Charles E millwright

Duke Henry cooper

Dulmage Daniel dentist

Graham Win carpenter

Higgins JH shoemaker

Livella Peter cooper

 Meyers BW saddler and innkeeper

 Nash SL physician

Roblin George general merchant

ROBLIN OWEN Postmaster miller general merchant &c.

Roblin Roger accountant

Rothwell Benjamin accountant

Scragham Darvin carpenter

 Sprague James E wagon maker

 Thompson Rev James Methodist

Thwaite James physician

Vandusen George E teacher

Apsley:  A village on Eels Creek in the Township of Anstruther County, Peterborough. Distant from County Town 40 miles; from Toronto 180 miles.  Stage to Peterborough weekly. Average price of wild land 50 cents per acre. Population 50.

 Benson Miss teacher

 Defries William farmer

Eastland Henry general merchant

 Hales Benjamin farmer

 HALL ES Postmaster

Lonsley Caleb farmer

Rendle A proprietor Apsley Hotel

 Steen Joseph farmer

 Stuart Thomas proprietor Stuart's Hotel

Wilson William farmer

Bannockburn: A post Village situated in the Township of Madoc ,County Hastings

CARPENTER WH Postmaster

Bark Lake:  A Post office in Jones Township, County Hastings on the Madawaska river .  74 miles from Sand Point and 124 miles from Ottawa on the Ottawa and Opeongo road .

Conway Michael farmer

Donaldson Archibald farmer

Donaldson James farmer

 Dunn William farmer

Dupre Peter farmer

 Ofrie Joseph farmer

Prishan Antoine farmer

Reed James hotel keeper

 Sayya Jacob farmer

 Skuce John hotel keeper

 SKUCE RICHARD Sr.  Postmaster

Belleville:  A town in the County of Hastings situated on the Bay of Quinte at the mouth of the river Moira in the Township of Thurlow. It possesses some of the best water privileges in the Province and at different points on the river various extensive manufactories are established. It is a port of entry and does a large business in imports. The chief exports are lumber flour and produce. Having communication with the principal ports of the Province and the United States both by water and railway it is one of the most flourishing towns in the country. The Grand Trunk Railway has a station here and during the summer steamers ply daily to and from Kingston and intermediate ports.  Distance from Toronto 118 miles and from Montreal 220 miles.  Money Order office and Savings Bank Population 7000.

Blairton: A Village and Station of the Cobourg, Peterboro and Marmora Railroad in the  Township of Belmont, County Peterboro . Situated on Marmora Lake, 40 miles from Peterboro the County Town; 115 from Toronto. The village is in the immediate vicinity of the richest iron mines in the and miners and laborers are in great demand. The land in the vicinity is almost all taken up to Norwood and Marmora- distance 21 miles. Money order office and savings bank. Population 500.

 Armstrong WW baker and hotel keeper

 BATES ROGER Postmaster and agent CP &MRR

Bell Thomas carpenter

Brown J MD

Duff William shoemaker

Featherston Thomas cabinet maker

Givin Mrs grocer

Halstead Rev William Wesleyan

 Leach William butcher

Learmouth Thomas R general merchant

 McBride Andrew grocer

 Meikle James general merchant

 Powell Edmund butcher

 Powell Miss Mary teacher

 Rea Miss Elizabeth teacher

 Scott DD livery stable

 Shaw William clothier

 Sloan Robert general merchant

 Turner John general merchant

Weller Gilbert hotel keeper

 Whitmarsh Levi livery stable

 Wilson D MD

 Wynn William builder

Bloomfield:  A Village in the Township of Hallowell, County Prince Edward.  Distant from county town 5 miles;  from Toronto 140 miles.  Stages to Brighton and Picton.  Average price of land $100. Population 600.

Bethune Rev Mr Methodist

 Boneman Gideon wagon maker

 Boneman Stephen butcher

 Bull Albert carpenter

 Bull Gilbert grocer

 Clark JF MD

 Clark WG architect and builder

 Cooper John miller

 Cooper Obediah JP

 Cooper Thomas

 Dorland Joshua

 Hare Dexter saddler

Hare Peter S JP

 Keith E proprietor Keith's Hotel

 Lake SK MD

 Leavett Rev VD Universalist

McFauI Peter

 McGivern John cooper

Morgan Thomas miller

Noxon Samuel

 Noxon Thomas H. agent

Noxon William iron founder

 Reynolds Mrs dressmaker

 Reynolds JS dentist

 Sargent G A auctioneer

Savior AB general merchant

 Stephens George carpenter

 STRIKER JONATHAN Postmaster

 Sykes W tanner

Tomputt John butcher

 Varney Levi crockery &c

Watson CE shoemaker

 Williams John P seedsman

 Winters Mrs dressmaker

Winters JC tailor

Bogart: A small Village in the Township of  Hungerford, County of Hastings. Iron abounds in the vicinity. 27 miles from Belleville.  Population 50

 BOGART AL Postmaster

 Bogart CO merchant

 Cheatham William brickmaker

 Empry Christopher blacksmith

 Empry FW farmer

Hart C teacher

 Hill Rev John Methodist

 Hill Joseph wagon maker

 Rutten Abram farmer

Bridgewater: A Village on the Grand Trunk Railroad and Scootamotto River in the Township of Elzevir, County Hastings.  Distant from Belleville the County Town 30 miles; from Toronto 140 miles.Stages to Belleville. Average price of land $1.25. Money order office. Population 460

 Barrie Robert farmer

 Bragg John and George tanners

 Burns Francis farmer

 Burns John farmer

Chanque Michael cooper

 Cullen Rev Thomas Wesleyan

Empy Francis shoemaker

Finch Henry carpenter

FLINT HON B mill owner

 Frost Joseph wagon maker

 Garrett William iron founder

Gorsline Norman carpenter

 HARRISON JAMES Postmaster

 Higinbotham Andrew MD

Humphries W wagon maker

 Langley Michael farmer

 Kerr George carpenter

 Kerr William snr. Carpenter

 Kerr William jr. carpenter

Klinstuber Ernest shoemaker

Klinstuber Julius shoemaker

 McFee John tailor

Minie M cooper

Rath William lime manufacturer Record Rice miller Rosevair Joseph wagon maker Sager Alexander miller Spencer William saddler

 Tucker Francis lime manufacturer

 Turner Joshua W tinsmith

 Turner William J grocer

 Tuttle Leslie teacher

Wemp William B proprietor Bridgewater Hotel

Wolfe George woolen factor

Brinkworth: A Village in the Township of Rawdon, County Hastings.  Distant from Bellville the County Town 20 miles;  from Toronto 110 miles. Stages to and from Campblellford.  Average price of wild land $10 improved $20. Population 50.

 Adams Rev Q Methodist

Bradley George teacher

 Edmonds Rev E Methodist

 Huffman J farmer

 Merrick J farmer

Ranney C farmer

Wescott S farmer

 Wescott W farmer

 White P farmer

WILLIAMS A Postmaster and proprietor Temperance Hotel

 Williams C farmer

 Williams MB farmer

 Woodbeck E farmer

Brudenell: A Village in the Township of Brudenell,  County  of Renfrew.  Distant to county town 36 miles;  from Ottawa 108 miles. Stages to and from Renfrew.  Average price of $50. Population 100

Carty Francis farmer

Carty James farmer

 Carty John farmer

 Donovan Thomas shoemaker

Dorner James farmer

Dorner John farmer

Fallon James J teacher

Foley Miss teacher

 Grace James proprietor Brudenell Inn

 Harriett William general merchant

 Kelly Patrick general merchant

 Williams James teacher

 Kinder Joseph MD

 Kilt John saddler

McCormick Rev J Tinman Catholic

McGuire James farmer

 McNamara Patrick shoemaker

 Moran John general merchant

O Boyle John teacher

 O Brien Miss teacher

Payett D proprietor British Hote

l Reynolds Bernard farmer

 Reynolds James carpenter

REYNOLDS JOHN Postmaster

 Reynolds John farmer

Ring Edward farmer

Scharbonne John shoemake

 Watson John S miller

 Whelan John farmer

Burnstown : A Village on the Madawaska River in the Township of McNab, County Renfrew. Distant Pembroke, the County Town 56 miles. Population 80.

 Anderson John

Braden Richard teacher

 Davis William tailor

 Douglas James general merchant

 Duff J

 Fisher John warden

 Leckie Alex hotel keeper

 Leckie William blacksmith

 McCallum John shoemaker

 McGregor Colin

 McGregor John

 McKay James

 McLean Robert shoemaker

McNab John A  constable

McN aughton Donald

 MeNevin Alex

McRAE DONALD Postmaster and gen merchant

 Rochester George general merchant

 Stewart John

Stewart Robert constable

Wallace John

 Wilson William hotel keeper

Calabogie: A Post office situated in the Township of Bagot, County Renfrew.

 DILLON D Postmaster

Cannifton: A Village on the Moira River, Township of Thurlow, County of Hastings.  Three miles from Belleville the County Town.  Stages to Bridgewater, Stirling & Belleville. Population 600.

 Becket NJ miller and grocer

 Betts Rev LA Episcopal Methodist

 Brooks E woollen factory

 Brown George S farmer

 Bullis WL teacher

Canniff Daniel farmer

Canniff John clerk

 CANNIFF JONAS jnr. Postmaster

 Canniff JA blacksmith

 Coon C carpenter

 Dale Thomas farmer

Fairman R C Farmer’s Inn

 Fairfield JK teacher

Farnham T

 Gillespie & Smith pumpmakers

 Gunsolius John J blacksmith

 Howell Rev JE Wesleyan

 Kane William shoemaker

 Lake N grocer

 Larn T cooper

 Lingham William miller

 McLigret R carpenter

Naylor Thomas blacksmith

Naylor William shoemaker

 Pake SS carpenter

 Powers William hotel keeper

 Stinson William saw mill proprietor

 Stimers JL hotel keeper

Sills Jacob saw mill proprietor

Sutherland A saw mill proprietor

 Sutherland William farmer

Walsh James carriage maker

 Wilson A JP

Chandos: A small Post Village of the Township of Chandos, County Peterboro.

 ER MAXWELL H Postmaster

Combermere: A small village on the Madawaska River in the Township of Radcliffe, County Renfrew. 64 miles from Pembroke the County Town; 54 from Renfrew and 71 from Sand Point. Bi weekly mails. Population 54.

 Bellisle Joseph hotel keeper

Cameron A & Co general merchants

 Denison Henry farmer

 Denison John snr. Farmer

 Denison John jnr. Farmer

 Glenn William shoemaker

 JOHNSON DANIEL Postmaster and gen mercht

 Kelly Cornelius blacksmith

 Kelly Thomas millwright

 Seeley Justus hotel keeper

Cooper: A Village on Black and Cooper Creeks in the township of Madoc, County of Hastings

 Distant from Toronto 147; from the county town Belleville 34 miles.  Daily Stage to and from Madoc. Average price of land $25. Population 100.

 Adams Robert cooper

 Allen Charles

 Allen Robert S

 ALLEN THOMAS Postmaster

 Allen William

 Allen William J

 Bacon Samuel snr

 Bacon Samuel jnr lime manufacturer

 Bateman J constable

 Blair William

 Cooper Miss Sarah Ann teacher

Deprose Joseph

 Elliott Thomas teacher

Fowler Amos shoemaker

 Kellar Isaac carpenter

Ketcheson J R town clerk

 Kinnear Robert grocer

 McDonald D constable

 Mullett tanner

 Remington John grocer

 Rutledge Miss Fanny teacher

Vankleek B JP

Vankleek Peter

 Wood William carpenter

Demorestville: A Village situated on the outlet of Fish Lake Township of Sophiasburg, County Prince Edward.  9 miles from Picton, the County Town; 49 from Kingston; 9 from Shannonville station, Grand Trunk Railway; 12 from Belleville and 4 from Northport on the Bay of Quinte. There are good water privileges in the village and neighborhood affording a good location for any kind of machinery. Mechanics wanted. Improved land averages $30 per acre. Stages daily to Northport fare 25c and in winter daily to Picton fare 50c and Belleville 75c . Population350.

 Hunt Samuel shoemaker

 Joyce Valentine carpenter

Lazier George N farmer

 Leatch Hugh shoemaker

 McDowall RJ general merchant lumber dealer

 Ackernman George architect

Baker William baker

 Barton James J agent Rochester nurseries

 Barton Bros wagon makers

 Boulter James brickmaker

 Boulter Wellington farmer

 Butler Brothers wagon makers

 Clark HB librarian

 Cotter Samuel farmer

 Curlett JF MD

 Dingman Rev JG Wesleyan

 Dunning Henry farmer

 Fox Henry P farmer

 Greeley A MPP

 Gordon Edward grocer

 Hamilton J lime dealer

Hamilton Israel auctioneer

Hart J general merchant

 Hill Rev J Episcopal Methodist

Hunt Samuel shoemaker

Joyce Valentine shoe maker

Lazier George N. Farmer

Mc Dowall RJ general merchant, lumber dealer, potash and soap manufacturer

McDowall & Stortts carding and flour mills

 Moore Thomas MD

 Morden George proprietor hotel

Nixon ER tailor Peck A hotel keeper

 Simonds Allen carpenter

 SMITH BENJAMIN Postmaster

 Smith David general agent

 Sprague George farmer

Sprague James S teacher

 Sprague N JP

 Thompson Charles carpenter

 Wright JG & Son saddlers

Douglas:  A Village situated on the River Bonnechere, Township of Bromley, County Renfrew. 27 miles from Pembroke the County Town; 70 miles from Perth and 75 from Ottawa. The river supplies excellent water power. Average value of improved land, 10 wild $4 per acre. Stage to Egansville 10 miles fare 50c, Renfrew Village 16 miles fare 75c. Money Order Office.  Population 300.

 Bell Rev CR Church of England

 Bolam Thomas H general merchant

 CAMERON DONALD Postmaster gen mercht

 Culbertson Thomas hotel keeper

 Gilchrist Peter miller

 McEachren S JP

 McGregor John hotel keeper

Philip John carpenter

 Queeley John general merchant

Rose Rev K Episcopal Methodist

 Thompson WS teacher

Eganville: A Village on the Bonnechere River in the Township of Grattan, County Renfrew. 23 miles from Pembroke and 85 from Ottawa. Money Order Office. Population 800.

Eldorado: A Village in the Township of Madoc, County Hastings, on the road from Belleville to Madawaska and in the heart of the celebrated gold mining region. The Richardson and the Belleville and Richardson mines are now in course of working. The village is 34 miles from Belleville the Town and 153 from Toronto.

 Bacon Charles

 Bacon John

Best JR

Best J S

Borland Samuel J dry goods &c

Chambers James

 Chambers Joseph

 Cooke Henry

 Cooke John

 Craig W hotel keeper

DICKSON ADAM Postmater

Ellis William

Gonsolus Andrew

 Gonsolus Peter

Hassard Richard

 Impey Servius

 Knight Overton MD

Lightburne Stafford attorney at law

 McCarthy H hotel keeper

Mclnroy John

Moore Alexander

 Moore James

Moore John

 Moore John M

 O Brien John hotel keeper

 Pine William

 Richardson John

 Rupert Charles

 Rupert James

 Sandford Charles

 Simmonds N hotel keeper

 Scott Robert grocer &c

 Scott Thomas grocer &c

Foxboro: A Post Village in the Township of Thurlow, County Hastings.

 DUFFY WILLIAM Postmaster

Frankford: A Village on the river Trent in the Township of Sidney, County Hastings. 14 miles from Belleville the County Town. Stage daily to Trenton Station Grand Trunk Railway. Average improved land $30 per acre.

 Bryant Joseph butcher

 Byam GF carriage maker

Campbell A teacher

 Campbell Rev A Methodist Episcopal

 Chapman John shoemaker

 Clark George hotel keeper

Consaul J carriage maker

 Craske Walter grist mill

 Dorland CH dentist

 Farnsworth Richard butcher

Foster Thomas baker

Frasser GE general merchant

 GILBERT WILLIAM Postmaster

Golding Hiram hotel and livery

 Golding S hotel

 Goldsmith G general merchant

 Grass R general merchant

 Grout Rev Mr Church of England

 Howard Thomas J JP & general merchant

 Huffman James C manufacturer of woolen goods

 Kinney William general merchant

 Lafa A cooper

Near J cooper

 Oronhyatekha & Co druggists booksellers &c

Oronhyatekha Dr MB

 Outwater A tinsmith

 Pettet PP carpenter

 Phillips Rev SC Wesleyan

 Roblin Edward farmer

Roblin M B insurance agent

 Shorey J cooper

Sills Brothers props paper mills

 Stevens S&Sons tailors

 Stillwell J general merchant

 Sweetman James carpenter

Turley P farmer

 Walter William general merchant

Halloway:  A village in the Township ofTharlow, County Hastings.  10 miles from Belleville County Town. Stages daily to Belleville. Population 40.

 Barnum S proprietor Halloway Hotel and livery

Creery William blacksmith and wagon maker

Falkner M farmer

Fisher M farmer

Griffin M farmer

 Hamilton M farmer stable

 Hopkins JP Postmaster and general merchant

 Bennnet & Co butchers

 Kimmerly M farmer

 Morden Miss teacher

 Parks J farmer

Welbourne William farmer

High Falls: A Village on the Madawaska River in the Township of Bagot, County Renfrew. 70 miles from Pembroke the County Town.  Good water power for manufacturing purposes. Wild land in the vicinity averages about 80 cents per acre. Population 50.

Dillon Denis hotel keeper

 DILLON TH Postmaster

Halliday John JP

 Kennedy P dry goods

 Lynn Dr

 McGowan G carpenter

Ivanhoe: A Post Office in the Township of Huntingdonn County Hastings. 20 miles from Belleville County Town and 80 from Toronto. Stages daily to Madoc and Belleville. Average price of land 30 per acre.

 Archibald James farmer

 Bodle Rev J Bible Christian

EMO THOMAS Postmaster JP gen merchant

Ford Rev J Wesleyan

Frederick Henry cooper

Fuller Benjamin R general merchant

Fuller Charles teacher

Gardner Samuel teacher

Garver Jeremiah grocer

Geary Catherine milliner

 Geary John carpenter and painter

Goldie Rev Presbyterian

Howard Jones shingle maker

 King James shoemaker

Lawson Rev Thomas Wesleyan

 Lidster John J wagon maker

 Lummon Samuel carpenter

 Newton Richard farmer

Ranson Samuel tailor

 Rutledge James general merchant

 Sargent William shingle maker

 Shaw John shoemaker

Vaughan William cabinet maker

 Wood John JP farmer